Isicelo:
Isixhobo sokuqala sokuqhushumba emhlabeni sazalwa kwiminyaka eyi-100 eyadlulayo.Isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukususa ukungcola kunye ne-oxide yesikhumba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zetsimbi okanye ezingezizo ezentsimbi kunye nokwandisa uburhabaxa.Emva kwekhulu leminyaka yophuhliso, itekhnoloji yokuqhumisa itekhnoloji kunye nezixhobo sele zivuthiwe, kwaye umda wokusetyenziswa kwawo uye wanda ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kwishishini lokuqala elinzima ukuya kwishishini elilula.
Ngenxa yamandla amakhulu okudutyulwa kokudubula, kulula ukubangela ukuncipha komphezulu womphezulu okanye ezinye iingxaki kwezinye iimveliso ezifuna isiphumo sonyango esincinci.Umzekelo, iipakethi zeebhuleki zesithuthuthu kufuneka zicocwe emva kokusila, kwaye umatshini oqhumayo unokubangela umonakalo ngokulula kumphezulu wezinto zokukhuhlana.Ngaloo ndlela, umatshini wokuqhunyiswa kwesanti ube yinto efanelekileyo yokukhetha izixhobo zokucoca umphezulu.
Umgaqo oyintloko wezixhobo zokuqhushumba kwesanti kukusebenzisa umoya ocinezelweyo ukutshiza isanti okanye ukudubula kwentsimbi encinci kunye nobungakanani besuntswana elithile kwindawo enomhlwa yesixhobo sokusebenza ngompu oqhushumbayo wesanti, ongaphumeleli nje ukususwa komhlwa okhawulezayo, kodwa uphinde ulungiselele umphezulu. ukupeyinta, ukutshiza, i-electroplating kunye nezinye iinkqubo.